id stringlengths 64 64 | question stringlengths 27 410 | images listlengths 1 1 | options unknown | answer_idx stringclasses 10
values | caption stringlengths 5 9.26k |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
5738d28f0d010283fd0723994bbd940b7420a36a855385aeb37c5ea103d476d7 | On the axial sacroiliac joint CT image, which combination of abnormalities is most clearly present bilaterally? | [
"images/e4/e43c8336ea312601c0676c5916a834108ee79d2b12952a0d8e9c4da794ced521.jpg"
] | {
"A": "Unilateral sacroiliac vacuum phenomenon with preserved cortices",
"B": "Symmetric ankylosis with complete osseous fusion and joint space obliteration",
"C": "Lytic destruction centered in the sacral neural foramina",
"D": "Subchondral sclerosis with erosions and pseudo-widening of the sacroiliac joints"... | D | Forty two year old male with ankylosing spondylitis.
Notes: Axial CT image of the SIJs (A) demonstrating advanced disease with bilateral subchondral sclerosis, erosions, and pseudo-widening of the joints. Whole-spine MRI of the same patient with semicoronal T1-weighted (B), STIR (C) of the SIJs, and sagittal T1-weighte... |
aec7f93d2d75fd37aaae33e4171c743c657198da57384de29235a24b66f66149 | Comparing the corresponding thoracic arrowhead-marked foci in panels (a) and (b), what is the predominant change in tracer uptake? | [
"images/f2/f258b8d53aa7b9b87f7995dfbf28c70525488f0bdb95defcbdb4c3acfc110448.jpg"
] | {
"A": "Uptake decreases at the upper focus and increases at the lower focus",
"B": "Uptake increases at the upper focus and decreases at the lower focus",
"C": "Uptake disappears at the upper focus but increases at the lower focus",
"D": "Uptake decreases at both foci",
"E": "Uptake increases at both foci",
... | D | Maximum intensity projections, fused SPECT/CT, and CT images of representative cases; first scan (a) and the follow-up scan after 155 days (b) in fractural lesions, and first scan (c) and the follow-up scan after 169 days (d) in degenerative lesions. SUVmax of bone fracture in the sternum changed from 30.0 to 6.2, and ... |
b19c8e34ffcf9daff7231f4da2e3ada623f8ada7b0f21be58bed20153b2a9a40 | In panel a, on which side of the adjacent tooth is the arrowed cavity located? | [
"images/d9/d9c5a2019f40e4073132a3cefdb804e6b2d5a246d87c3b3b1d9cdcf31e4f19af.jpg"
] | {
"A": "Buccal",
"B": "Distal",
"C": "Superior",
"D": "Inferior",
"E": "Occlusal",
"F": "Lingual"
} | F | Radiographic findings of POT. a Cone-beam CT showing a round cavity with defined cortical border that is mesiolingual to the root of tooth 34. b-d Panoramic radiograph demonstrates well-defined radiolucency (circled area) in the mandibular left region |
b56346091f120215c3ae1e7e00891030ea42c876ba0131a98c8f820ce8d85af7 | Which extraocular muscle is indicated by the short straight arrow in panel B? | [
"images/47/474e58a355a7f467d59e1a74b5a9ca52f1df4fe16f5d8a03fda808d85f623c86.jpg"
] | {
"A": "Right superior rectus",
"B": "Left lateral rectus",
"C": "Right medial rectus",
"D": "Left medial rectus",
"E": "Left superior rectus",
"F": "Right lateral rectus"
} | F | Orbital and cerebral involvement in ROCM. Axial fat-saturated T2-weighted image (A) shows a well-defined hypointense lesion (straight long arrow) in the right temporal lobe with surrounding edema (curved arrow). Right intraconal fat (white star) shows stranding with associated proptosis of the right eyeball. Axial cont... |
7e79d11286ba51f2513a23e6977f03091ac2d24dc352fbe404f89858c11752fc | What mitral valve motion is shown by the arrows in short-axis cine panel G? | [
"images/b3/b3404d154dbde242484f6f54443dcd2dd4f7f9a3015ab8bcea45a1d2c45b8e94.jpg"
] | {
"A": "Diastolic prolapse of the posterior mitral leaflet into the left atrium",
"B": "Normal parallel movement of the leaflets without anterior displacement",
"C": "Systolic prolapse of the anterior leaflet into the left atrium",
"D": "Flail motion of the posterior leaflet into the left ventricle",
"E": "Sy... | E | Dysplastic Mitral Valve
(A) Transthoracic echocardiography demonstrating anterior mitral valve leaflet coaptation with the base of the posterior mitral valve leaflet (arrow). (B) Coaptation at the posterior mitral valve annulus (arrow). (C) Exercise stress echocardiography demonstrating a resting left ventricular outfl... |
35d605eac628a77e0341dcadfd05d053684f0f48097dae2d68c414e3dc99ba67 | Which ligament is shown to be completely avulsed from its femoral attachment on the fat-suppressed sagittal MRI view? | [
"images/4e/4e16cf9a20a4e113805957e2138a85368cc21262223787431e0482bf5447cb22.jpg"
] | {
"A": "Anterior cruciate ligament",
"B": "Fibular collateral ligament",
"C": "Medial collateral ligament",
"D": "Posterior cruciate ligament"
} | D | MRI of the right knee demonstrating T1 weighted sagittal view of an osteochondral fracture along the anterior portion of the medial condyle (A), T2 weighted fat-suppressed sagittal views of the complete avulsion of the PCL from its femoral attachment (B) and complete disruption of the ACL (C), and T2 weighted fat-suppr... |
ef690c9b939e410ace2fa00b71f2b09a7da09963c1956ca41042d26c6ecb4a61 | In this liver photomicrograph, which labeled structure represents the venous outflow center of the hepatic lobule? | [
"images/67/67118602a6ec086442cc217bd3a32046da0b4b972c48daedf5269348586382e3.jpg"
] | {
"A": "PT",
"B": "MZ/2",
"C": "PP/1",
"D": "CV/THV"
} | D | This photomicrograph illustrates the basic microscopic architecture, structural relationships, and terminology used to describe the microanatomy of the liver. The hepatocellular cords are mostly one or two layers thick and are divided into three zones: 1, 2, and 3 of the acinus, and periportal (PP), mid‐ (MZ), and cent... |
83c5ca0b169af8a24e7e6ef4a2ae725ffd438ba7d6f273ff5773f62572958648 | In which portion of the airway is the obstructing membrane located on this image? | [
"images/0b/0b5f6378b406648c164bde70c5ad07b70509f965f25607d8bf02e399da6034da.jpg"
] | {
"A": "Anterior subglottic region",
"B": "Tracheal carina",
"C": "Posterior supraglottis",
"D": "Right pyriform sinus"
} | A | Anterior subglottic web. |
33d94fb01c4fe7a98ecff357baadb6c28936c32802453e2bdecec7fdc35ee68d | On the fused PET-CT images, which distribution of hypermetabolic soft-tissue lesions is most accurately demonstrated? | [
"images/0e/0e1008934b270f4684c438d142c64dce5543028fce003f73a59d31a64b0616ca.jpg"
] | {
"A": "Few cutaneous lesions in the left foot, a subcutaneous mass in the left upper leg, and conglomerated masses in the left thigh",
"B": "Diffuse bilateral lower-extremity muscular uptake without focal masses",
"C": "Isolated left popliteal nodal enlargement without distal lesions",
"D": "Predominantly pelv... | A | Positron emission tomography-computed tomography images: Axial (upper row) and coronal (lower row) images, few cutaneous lesions in left foot, subcutaneous mass lesion in left upper leg, and conglomerated mass lesions in left thigh |
19dd053181a039acbfb880ff99830b5fca567d96f87a8ed0b722cebbe92977b2 | Which extraocular muscle is indicated by the arrows in panels A and B? | [
"images/4b/4bd3d64a57d99a545adb5cf1550c0b2eda341af7e59597f1d5a8e102d5e9c52f.jpg"
] | {
"A": "Right superior rectus",
"B": "Left lateral rectus",
"C": "Left superior rectus",
"D": "Left medial rectus",
"E": "Right lateral rectus",
"F": "Right medial rectus"
} | F | Immune-related orbital myositis in a 43-year-old female with cutaneous melanoma treated with ipilimumab (anti-CTLA-4) and nivolumab (anti-PD-1). After 3 cycles of ipilimumab and nivolumab, the patient reported diplopia. (A) On T2-weighted and (B) contrast-enhanced images, orbital edema, abnormal enhancement and thicken... |
dbe39c4de0d8bb9c4299d55366595740437ed27221638e5d147d26ac2c031ce8 | What is the primary quantitative measurement being demonstrated on this dental CBCT image? | [
"images/d8/d84fdb735cff36d4603a42ee2180087fd03f58d28d86095bd7d702fe5aa2b133.jpg"
] | {
"A": "Distance from the cemento-enamel junction to the alveolar crest",
"B": "Buccolingual width of the alveolar ridge",
"C": "Root canal length from crown to apex",
"D": "Pulp chamber width from cusp tip to roof of the pulp"
} | A | Measurement of the cemento-enamel junction-to-alveolar crest distance in the posterior and anterior regions. (I-(I-CAT, Imaging Sciences Int, Hatfield, PA, USA). |
bc0615b62c696fb3438a04de736b6a008a50ce23ca10578034597d1297b90f2f | What embolic material is indicated by the arrow on the control angiogram in panel e? | [
"images/33/332dbf79d54c71422f0520fe92323cd3fe31db5a98320ea1b1702cabb687018f.jpg"
] | {
"A": "Metallic coils",
"B": "Vascular plug",
"C": "Balloon catheter",
"D": "Surgical vascular clip",
"E": "Covered stent",
"F": "Liquid embolic cast"
} | A | Axial CT angiography image (a) of a 31-year-old male patient shows a pseudoaneurysm (arrow) in the left kidney and perirenal hematoma developed following biopsy. Coronal CT angiography reconstruction image (b) shows the pseudoaneurysm (arrow) in the middle segment of the kidney. Selective renal diagnostic angiography i... |
7f651323a6bf6f1fd4f0b80286be2fd6810af83a40642aadf8df78afaccc9ee6 | On the CT images, which vertebral level contains the dominant destructive lesion? | [
"images/2a/2a88ee17914aa067a8e62185d52a6b472222e1fb298bcbf97ea396b182706850.jpg"
] | {
"A": "L4 vertebra",
"B": "S1 vertebral segment",
"C": "L2 vertebral body",
"D": "L5 vertebra",
"E": "L3 vertebral body"
} | A | Computed tomography scan of solitary plasmacytoma of bone in L4 vertebra. A) Coronal imaging showing expansile, irregular
osteolytic lesion. B) Sagittal imaging showing significant collapse and instability. C) Axial imaging showing anterior, middle and posterior
element involvement and mild canal compromised, specially... |
6541cb8ab753256ae0450b3f7a02c1b8ad33345a8c28a272d38fbfe433ef6c25 | What external ocular finding is most apparent in panel A, image iv? | [
"images/1f/1f7f0b2cf7b8dab3ffce4b876d1562380665f9770d0e6636ee4fdb2201c4a566.jpg"
] | {
"A": "Proptosis",
"B": "Corneal opacity",
"C": "Enophthalmos",
"D": "Eyelid ptosis",
"E": "Anisocoria",
"F": "Hyphema"
} | A | Representative patient images. (A) Representative images of patients 1 to 5 with KRAS-mutant isolated orbital histiocytosis. External photographs of the external adnexa and involved eye: eyelid edema and ptosis (i), conjunctival histiocytic infiltration (ii), exophthalmos, and scleral show (iii), lower eyelid swelling ... |
05b320cf9fbb15904fe66b6483eb7dd7e33d84b53a5d419e7124c2fc5a058b26 | In the depicted tissue-expansion reconstruction, which portion of the expanded skin is intentionally not incorporated into the final defect coverage? | [
"images/b7/b77a4fb6baa84eb4f3f7ebb4aed480aac7da3d0592bdee224fba5eb95bdcf6f5.jpg"
] | {
"A": "The distal tip after rotation around a pivot point",
"B": "The skin directly overlying the excised defect",
"C": "Only the epidermal layer of the expanded segment",
"D": "The medial advancing margin only",
"E": "The central dome of the expanded skin",
"F": "Both lateral side segments of the expanded... | F | Direct advancement flap. The skin is cut along the base of the expander in the direction of advancement. The damaged tissue is removed and the flap is advanced to cover the excised area. The lateral sides of the grown skin cannot be used and are are discarded. |
590857eb5791630d093063620744c3a819b5afc55e094aff07cb660ac2017344 | How does the outer diameter of the aortic sac in panel c compare with that in panel a? | [
"images/96/96dfaeda2f1e3b9de349f6e686af50792e832dc03e1150e55a758bf90d55ec37.jpg"
] | {
"A": "The sac is completely thrombosed.",
"B": "It is smaller.",
"C": "The sac is no longer visible.",
"D": "It is approximately unchanged.",
"E": "The sac has ruptured.",
"F": "It is larger."
} | B | (a) CT angiogram showing an infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm. The patient underwent EVAR with follow-up CT 1 year (b) and 16 years (c) post-procedure. Note the reduction in sac size over time. |
47e18e9371a539a5283e6f6ae489282a2c59e55d968640fd3f21fe2d09145d21 | What best explains the material indicated by the arrow in panel b? | [
"images/fc/fc9f84d0b50a6e28386ae06de0af46efdcbe262538ceaf4e6afb63aab97d4a2b.jpg"
] | {
"A": "A pericholecystic fluid collection",
"B": "A gallbladder wall calcification",
"C": "A gallbladder polyp",
"D": "Gas in the gallbladder wall",
"E": "Gallbladder sludge",
"F": "A shadowing gallstone"
} | E | Biliary system disease in five different COVID-19 intensive care patients: (a) the gall bladder shows thickened edematous wall with subtle mural hyperemia (arrow) (b) and (c) marked intraluminal biliary mud (arrows) sequel to cholestasis (d) ectatic CBD (7.4 mm) (black arrow) with no definite obstructive lesions probab... |
1051f5c3f1ab3c55984b33c02cb65b944546f27160a485db06f202279dbb0efd | In the four-panel SEM figure, which panel most likely represents the heat-treated sample without oil exposure, characterized by a roughened and more compactly altered surface compared with the untreated control? | [
"images/e9/e9ea413b45867f8a435ceba82eb63765662c09ffc8b8755a24844c126584703f.jpg"
] | {
"A": "Panel (a)",
"B": "Panel (c)",
"C": "Panel (d)",
"D": "Panel (b)"
} | D | SEM images of samples (a) untreated, (b) treated with 170 °C at 20 min, (c) untreated wetted with oil, and (d) treated with 170 °C at 20 min wetted with oil at different magnification (500×). |
ee4844a9ef42df03bb0623bd8b126ada2c97a4378d309cf7702e3aca914b89d8 | Relative to the renal arteries and kidneys visible on the coronal CT, which statement most accurately describes the level of the aortic cutoff? | [
"images/15/156efb06877efbe9831217b41a50f65c387bd24d6ce0f85ddc433ac393c3f060.jpg"
] | {
"A": "It is centered at the aortic root near the heart",
"B": "It is limited to the right common iliac artery",
"C": "It involves only the left renal artery origin",
"D": "It begins below the renal arteries, sparing the suprarenal aorta",
"E": "It extends from the pulmonary trunk into the abdominal aorta",
... | D | Coronal Thoracoabdominal Computed Tomography Demonstrating Acute Occlusion of the Infrarenal Aorta |
0920e9f2a18fee83fc16be1993f4259007653171e479573718805a166002d93c | In this adolescent performing the Adams forward-bending test, which visible asymmetry is most evident? | [
"images/a8/a8226a16c44cb0ca0661627d3ff19c8559b31082a1b8e580da895658a0175974.jpg"
] | {
"A": "Midline thoracolumbar skin defect",
"B": "Left lumbar paraspinal fullness",
"C": "Right thoracic rib hump",
"D": "Bilateral symmetric scapular winging",
"E": "Left thoracic rib hump"
} | C | The same 14-years-old adolescent with a positive Forward Benting Test, showing a right thoracic rib prominence. |
27e4fab0d2881d9fcf1bfac7eb7848a185682f3446ca5d256b7db1597496a4cf | The highlighted activation pattern is most consistent with a neural response to stimulation from which body region? | [
"images/f3/f3fd1230341132b69006602519af94dc38a13ec146b5c69200feef53ba23db74.jpg"
] | {
"A": "Rectum/descending colon distension",
"B": "Auditory click stimulation",
"C": "Retinal light stimulation",
"D": "Thoracic aortic pulsation",
"E": "Forelimb muscle contraction"
} | A | Preliminary functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data on a pig with early weaning stress using the technique of blood-oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) contrast imaging. Intestinal hypersensitivity was noted by fMRI BOLD highlighting of the cingulate cortex region of the brain (intense orange coloration within the ... |
a36dca8c8916eb4d72878fe5ca2f012718a645ba726ef8002a318b7572c630ef | Which combination of visual ECG features is most supportive of the diagnosis shown here? | [
"images/02/02f9fda5f3ed1eadd0b78a5719f948494d441f23a1bc63f7e26414d0a34c6536.jpg"
] | {
"A": "P wave before each QRS with a slow rate and an rSr' pattern in V1",
"B": "Diffuse ST elevation with PR depression in multiple leads",
"C": "Deep Q waves in the inferior leads with reciprocal ST depression",
"D": "Wide monomorphic tachycardia without visible atrial activity",
"E": "Irregularly irregula... | A | Electrocardiogram demonstrating sinus bradycardia and incomplete right bundle branch block |
ff97a8f35945002dc5fa344d7a7c929ad5222c7f86b61abe3c0ef3f74aef07bd | Which labeled structure is being used as the key posterior landmark for construction of the depicted AP axis on this axial CT slice? | [
"images/f8/f83cdf430c53636c8d94bf7afcd0d065d7a09e449caa11e7dd16ca960eda9e29.jpg"
] | {
"A": "Medial femoral epicondyle",
"B": "Intercondylar eminence",
"C": "Posterior cruciate ligament",
"D": "Medial collateral ligament",
"E": "Lateral meniscus posterior horn",
"F": "Popliteus tendon",
"G": "Tibial tubercle",
"H": "Anterior cruciate ligament",
"I": "Fibular head",
"J": "Patellar te... | C | Axial CT image in which line 2 (denoted in Green color) is the defined AP axis. It is perpendicular to line 1 and passes through the center of the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL). |
67118090d612837ca3fd20c0f5c55b99bb50658e791fed15989e3d8b8dc4e402 | In panel C, which part of the liver contains the crosshair-marked focus? | [
"images/74/74eb4db5b4640fbacd07cc6c036bcfc71bd732b08feb94eba494dccff4c83c9c.jpg"
] | {
"A": "Right hepatic lobe",
"B": "Caudate lobe",
"C": "Inferior right hepatic tip",
"D": "Posterior right hepatic dome",
"E": "Subcapsular lateral right hepatic lobe",
"F": "Left hepatic lobe"
} | F | A 45-year-old man with a hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) which was proved by liver biopsy. A: Axial non-contrast CT-scan showed a low density lesion in left lobe (cross); B: 18FDG PET image showed high uptake in the lesion than liver background (SUVratio=2.1); C: Axial 18FDG PET/CT fusion image with cross. |
0d11dc42c97131a6adc2511798df5c1dfa8c205389a09796f1f913aba0e9a8fe | Which sinus is primarily involved in the axial MRI image labeled (c)? | [
"images/8a/8ac0ddb4eb4718b007ef09b63e24bb975c2c59ef3c651d11ceeae5a17d31b4d5.jpg"
] | {
"A": "Frontal sinus",
"B": "Sphenoid sinus",
"C": "Maxillary sinus",
"D": "Ethmoid sinus"
} | B | MRI Scan showing the Paranasal Sinuses involvement. a Coronal view showing Frontal, Ethamoid and Maxillary Sinus involvement. b Coronal view showing bilateral Ethmoid and Maxillary Sinus involvement. c Axial view showing sphenoid sinus involvement |
c0f185cd287a1261413403331a65bc77d4f45daccb8be9156b74cae41ecf0cec | What is the most appropriate imaging/inspection modality represented in these panels? | [
"images/6d/6de1eef9a89ecec15dc91f1ed85e3f057586b898f14b0e9e1bc4f5db7d080631.jpg"
] | {
"A": "Light microscopy of the implant surface",
"B": "Micro-CT of the condyle",
"C": "Plain radiography of the temporomandibular joint",
"D": "Scanning electron microscopy"
} | A | Representative light microscopy images of the condylar surface of the custom temporomandibular joint total joint replacement. (A,B) Condylar surface of a pristine, non‐coated condyle. Red arrow: superficial, multi‐directional scratches. (C,D) Condylar surface of the non‐coated condyle of sheep #8787, explanted after 9 ... |
f226cfd9e2a34c263b3dcda95cb77578da48f095ca0f8c14c823029e99a87bd3 | Which sonographic description best matches the hepatic appearance in panel C of the figure? | [
"images/09/09e8a5592bfe950489d0055ad2f94202ab411eaaa359b2f3a92acc101f0e7bfc.jpg"
] | {
"A": "Limited patchy gross hyperechoic nodules scattered in an otherwise altered liver",
"B": "Fine granular liver echotexture with normal sonographic appearance",
"C": "Markedly heterogeneous liver replaced by multiple cystic lesions",
"D": "Diffuse coarse nodular hyperechoic liver with loss of normal archit... | B | (A) Almost generalized gross, nodular, hyperechoic structure of the liver; (B,D) limited areas of fine granular echogenic hepatic structure; (C) fine, granular, normal sonographic aspect of the liver; arrows are indicating gross, nodular hyperechoic areas. |
cbe631bfde39123b7c9149df0fda594f6498ff4eb791fd4007a224c1fb349571 | Reviewing the multimodality venous imaging, which side demonstrates the extensive iliofemoral deep venous thrombosis extending to the popliteal vein? | [
"images/22/22dcee736a52654ff7f6dbf01452029b32db03b17ace6d25964fa99db899b9bb.jpg"
] | {
"A": "Neither side; the findings are confined to pelvic varices",
"B": "Bilateral lower extremities",
"C": "Left lower extremity",
"D": "Right lower extremity"
} | C | Duplex sonography (A) and MR-phlebography (B) of a 31-year-old female patient 10 days postpartum showing an iliofemoral thrombosis with involvement of the internal iliac vein (proximal arrow) and the deep femoral vein (distal arrow) down to the left popliteal vein. Clinically the left leg was tender and cool with sligh... |
b98b900312bcbe9ae156e7561379a815e50f534d8e8233b61cc2d17b2f803899 | Which structure is indicated by the arrow in panel D? | [
"images/0c/0cc48fdb09845b47c4c5346082be31d7f3fd116908a1acaf88f3ca39b0a59462.jpg"
] | {
"A": "Falx cerebri",
"B": "Choroid plexus",
"C": "Cerebellar vermis",
"D": "Corpus callosum",
"E": "Cavum septi pellucidi",
"F": "Thalamus"
} | B | Transabdominal view of the fetal brain. (A) Ultrasound image of the first hydrocephalus fetus. The width of the left ventricle was 2.05 cm, the width of the right ventricle was 2.65 cm and the cerebral cortex became thinner. (B) Ultrasound image of the second hydrocephalus fetus. The width of the left ventricles was 2.... |
914763dfd9af431a4227260e235276cf3581f2e7d0993436823d911fc9276ff5 | On panels B and C, where is the fracture located? | [
"images/06/067b599242f8fffaef8b0d7fc6d0dd04274fabad67eacef0dfc31dc96019e477.jpg"
] | {
"A": "At the base of the coracoid process",
"B": "At the proximal humeral greater tuberosity",
"C": "Through the glenoid neck",
"D": "Through the surgical neck of the humerus",
"E": "At the distal clavicle",
"F": "At the posterior aspect of the acromion"
} | F | Radiologic imaging on the first consultation. (A) Anteroposterior radiograph of the right shoulder shows a slightly high-riding humeral head, mild glenohumeral arthritis, and an Ogawa type IIB acromion fracture. (B) Coronal and (C) axial CT shows a nondisplaced fracture at the posterior aspect of the acromion without t... |
d4c87265765ef2b90aca0ac527d0ad9e7b4441ebdad318964bb16ac3567fbe56 | On the cardiac MRI image, the arrow indicates a predominantly low-signal rounded structure projecting into which cardiac region? | [
"images/61/611c0b48b7fdad56847ce1a7b62217bf1ee64053864cfb3c016f8cbee90bbfba.jpg"
] | {
"A": "Right ventricular outflow tract",
"B": "Interatrial septum",
"C": "Mitral valve annulus",
"D": "Left ventricular apex"
} | B | Thrombosed SOV aneurysm in a 60-year-old woman. Four chamber balanced steady-state free precession (b-SSFP) magnetic resonance image (a) shows predominantly low intensity structure projecting in the interatrial septum (yellow arrow). ECG-gated axial cardiac CT angiography image (b) confirms the MRI finding of SOV aneur... |
eac4fc27e502d0f46c19af310d73f83fc5297f71d8acfeb81272637aa8c5074c | In the whole-body PET maximum intensity projection, which additional site of mild tracer uptake is present but favored to be inflammatory rather than metastatic? | [
"images/88/88a1efc0310dac58cab819e441e2d6bec45598a0e57141125df097fd441c9d92.jpg"
] | {
"A": "Mediastinal lymph nodes",
"B": "Left supraclavicular lymph nodes",
"C": "Retroperitoneal lymph nodes",
"D": "Bilateral hilar lymph nodes"
} | A | An 85-year-old man with prostate cancer treated with radiation therapy several years prior presented for 18F-NaF-PET/CT (A–D) due to a rising PSA. Transaxial CT images (A, C) with PET fusion (B, D) showed a focus of tracer uptake in the left pedicle of T1 without a definite anatomic correlate (arrowheads). A similar fo... |
e3de195e763d2539bb51b37b668fc91b27521066425175661dac04770006490c | The intrinsically high signal within the abnormal muscle on panel A is most suggestive of which associated finding? | [
"images/5a/5a8ce047078944da032436eda4b40eef0f52aefb306094c482291713b5e92e04.jpg"
] | {
"A": "Dense intramuscular calcification",
"B": "A fibrous scar",
"C": "A flow void from a large vessel",
"D": "Simple intramuscular fluid",
"E": "Intramuscular gas",
"F": "Intramuscular hemorrhage"
} | F | Axial T1-weighted (A), fat-suppressed T2-weighted (B), axial contrast-enhanced fat-suppressed T1-weighted (C), coronal contrast-enhanced fat-suppressed T1 weighted (D) images for a 46-year-old woman with rhabdomyolysis in the left lower leg due to drug intoxication. Heterogeneous signal intensity in the anterior compar... |
554ed0677f012c6f039706f7e4b1a6768919dcf17ecd496ca791b52e5eddaf01 | In the panel showing the abdominal wall lesion, the long arrow most likely identifies which finding? | [
"images/7d/7d8e25a6a5383e83d407a3308ad9d24a74b14e8bc64a56bf26df54a3b69758b3.jpg"
] | {
"A": "Motion artifact at the skin surface",
"B": "Intralesional hemorrhagic focus",
"C": "Reactive lymph node in the subcutaneous tissue",
"D": "The epidermal entry point of a sinus tract",
"E": "A satellite lesion separate from the main tumor",
"F": "Fascial calcification",
"G": "A vascular flow void f... | E | Specific features of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) infiltrating surrounding fat. (A–C) Tiny spinous protrusions stretching along fatty space, lengthened up to 1.29 cm (A) coud be observed, indicating the necessity of wide local excision (WLE). (D) A DFSP case in the abdominal wall. Crab‐foot‐like spicules of t... |
933e5dbfb8e3a44d6ce3766798ea1c31a78f1a5711d2b2c5040412c6d5181c8d | What is the principal visual difference between panel a and panel b? | [
"images/90/906a836c0734f68c8c92beba61c78674e69e6b8210876e1df96832d0bd76b12b.jpg"
] | {
"A": "Panel a shows bilateral metal stents, whereas panel b shows no biliary prosthesis",
"B": "Panel a demonstrates drainage of the cystic duct, whereas panel b demonstrates pancreatic duct cannulation",
"C": "Panel a shows stenting of the anterior right hepatic segmental duct, whereas panel b shows stenting o... | C | a. Stent placed in the anterior segment of the right hepatic duct.
b. Stent placed in the posterior segment of the right hepatic duct. |
ddab75389ec9ebdc7d4f17a19b5f6d0d8a2d3b65e4da2ddbc8922b1be056640d | What does the long arrow in panel B most likely indicate? | [
"images/ef/ef13ac14d50488dd3e94373d24b67931f0de78874ab6a75e9d5c23a1c97d1670.jpg"
] | {
"A": "An intra-articular loose body",
"B": "Intraosseous fat",
"C": "A displaced bone fragment",
"D": "A full-thickness cartilage defect",
"E": "A tendon tear",
"F": "Bone marrow edema"
} | F | Coronal dual TSE FS images of the left shoulder. (A): proton density weighted image: well described lesion in the proximal humeral epiphysis without disruption of the subchondral bone plate, (B): T2-weighted: central high signal intensity (short arrow), limited bone marrow edema (long arrow). |
370994e09bd99988dfe8eb8dd927e54afc637571888860c7e5ebd5693078c20a | On the multipanel MRI, what structure or pathologic feature is specifically indicated by the white arrow on the axial fat-saturated T2-weighted image? | [
"images/9c/9c0a7f3ce2f43bfbbb668f6f4a6be892c0114b93c354ce3e58738c4338eb176e.jpg"
] | {
"A": "Joint effusion in the knee",
"B": "Central fatty marrow preservation",
"C": "Intact periosteum surrounding the lesion",
"D": "Neurovascular bundle displacement",
"E": "Calcified nidus within the mass",
"F": "Normal cortical thickening",
"G": "Bone cortex destruction",
"H": "Meniscal tear",
"I"... | G | Magnetic resonance imaging. a Coronal T1-weighted, b axial fat-saturated T2-weighted, and c axial T1-weighted. The lesion was lobular with clear boundary and the border between the lesion and the surrounding normal bone was also clear (red arrow). Notable destruction could be found in the bone cortex (white arrow), and... |
c1228b753c4fa2ba0a9539c6a1142cd4bd50d2748d246b6ce3471393bbfc1bf6 | In MRI panel (d), what do the white arrowheads within the outlined placental region most likely indicate? | [
"images/9d/9dcc9855d5a050beecdbf55d4383b5819d925dbb80e22ec889eeb2fa1188a579.jpg"
] | {
"A": "Dilated placental vessels",
"B": "Placental infarcts",
"C": "Placental calcifications",
"D": "Placental cysts",
"E": "Placental abscesses",
"F": "Acute placental hemorrhage"
} | A | (a)–(c) Transvaginal ultrasound findings. (a) Low implantation of the gestational sac and the placenta attached to the posterior wall of the uterus (dotted line) are observed at 7 weeks of gestation. The anterior myometrium including the cesarean scar is intact. (b) The cervical length is 14 mm at 13 weeks of gestation... |
51c92ff75383f551a4edf3148b8c9d9a4d7690bb474504e7d5ba93269f637549 | What imaging/processing approach best explains why the mesh wires appear as multiple dark parallel curvilinear bands across the pelvis in this figure? | [
"images/e5/e531517e5ca4c6a2cc761a55cb9494523c4b15fd442895615b2918dd8ed0a7c6.jpg"
] | {
"A": "Coronal 30-mm-thick minimal intensity projection reconstruction from MR data",
"B": "Fluoroscopic image after intravesical contrast administration",
"C": "Standard coronal T1-weighted spin-echo image without post-processing",
"D": "Axial CT maximum intensity projection emphasizing calcified strands"
} | A | Mesh surface area was measured on a reconstructed coronal 30-mm-thick MINIP (minimal intensity projection) after loading the sagittal FFE into an MPR viewer (IMPAX Volume View) followed by drawing the mesh contour along the MR visible wires. Drawing this contour resulted in projected surface area (mm2) and projected ci... |
bacc87a19cf374cab1bfde3626802c3aef5fb7c93b274eeaaa5b7365dad56710 | Besides the hip dislocation, which additional osseous injury is visible on the left side of the radiograph? | [
"images/b9/b9da0e0bdfaf9c0bffe8cfc6e3892ef293b5f7c49973405a4206a4912a55219e.jpg"
] | {
"A": "Greater trochanter fracture",
"B": "Acetabular roof fracture",
"C": "Intertrochanteric fracture",
"D": "Pubic ramus fracture",
"E": "Femoral neck fracture"
} | A | (A) Anteroposterior radiograph showing left obturator dislocation of the hip joint and greater trochanter fracture. (B) CT showing intrapelvic dislocation of the femoral head via the obturator. |
f12ec061421e08af74fa7859a78486d01ea4c7ed87b395c1bcd2ac01079a6262 | The abnormalities are centered in which region of the foot? | [
"images/8b/8b4850f9eb43aaab6e2ffeedcc077fcc8b261185329fbe945158b24d191a4981.jpg"
] | {
"A": "Lateral midfoot near the tarsometatarsal region",
"B": "Posterior hindfoot",
"C": "Medial forefoot",
"D": "First metatarsophalangeal joint"
} | A | The arrows indicate the affected cuboid and base of the fifth metatarsal, showing marrow edema and cortical erosion in all three planes. |
3f32c8cdd2dfc6226ac9848a0a26bbdb166b02a5fd80490c8fc8f129605f617d | Which feature of the right basilar mass is most apparent on the CT image in panel B? | [
"images/c6/c6dfe34505c88c7bea9a7e761bada322a72a3306139bad8815343bdd32081b3c.jpg"
] | {
"A": "Diffuse gas content",
"B": "Fluid attenuation throughout",
"C": "Central cavitation",
"D": "Macroscopic fat",
"E": "Air-fluid level",
"F": "Coarse calcification"
} | F | Chest imaging. a Chest X-ray revealed bilateral pleural effusion. b Chest computed tomography revealed bilateral pleural effusion, pleural thickening, and calcified mass in the right lower lobe. c
67Ga scintigraphy showed significant and localized uptake in the right lower lung |
4e79d1f2a18e02077c3b8406e32bd3600b4501090e097e04ce8ab8a6cd27bc40 | Which imaging plane most clearly demonstrates the combination of a horizontal distal fracture line and a proximal coronal fracture line in this injury? | [
"images/8b/8bd8f4c6afd513eff8c86d12f656b1657174364dc78c5963befb6f61430e5b81.jpg"
] | {
"A": "Lateral CT",
"B": "Anteroposterior radiograph",
"C": "Oblique radiograph",
"D": "Anteroposterior CT",
"E": "Axial CT"
} | A |
(A) Anteroposterior X-ray of a partial coronal fracture of the
distal scaphoid (arrow). (B) Anteroposterior computed tomographic scan of a
partial coronal fracture of the distal scaphoid (arrow). (C) Lateral computed
tomography scan of a partial coronal fracture of the distal scaphoid demonstrating a
horizontal distal... |
45b346bea95179b6445e3caf528283646753de98b89898d7e65f2bd7f1c59e93 | Based on the visualized uterine morphology, which diagnosis is most strongly supported? | [
"images/ce/ce40a8ae5d10e7fe0183020d0186c53e85b2b4aae268be893f0383b92a3c2de0.jpg"
] | {
"A": "Degenerating leiomyoma",
"B": "Endometrial carcinoma",
"C": "Acute endometritis",
"D": "Adenomyosis"
} | C | Acute endometritis in a 60-year-old woman with pelvic pain and a low-grade fever for 5 days. (A) Axial and (B) sagittal contrast-enhanced CT images show an enlarged, globular uterus with distension of the endometrial cavity containing hypodense fluid. There is enhancement of the endometrial lining after contrast admini... |
9bbb5c53e0181f54e4dc0017b61119db9efa0f0a9746c7266053991e88115dc1 | A focal technical limitation is present on the examination. Which description best matches the artifact seen? | [
"images/67/67683c45ab629c4539287a549c163784a41df958533d94d074b4c8847339367a.jpg"
] | {
"A": "Insufficient fat suppression in the right flank and buttock",
"B": "Wraparound artifact causing duplication of the left arm across the abdomen",
"C": "Metal susceptibility artifact obscuring the cervical nodal stations",
"D": "Respiratory ghosting through the paraaortic region"
} | A | 17-year-old girl with unspecified widespread lymphoproliferative disease. Coronal whole-body (a) T1-W, (b) STIR and (c) greyscale inverted DWI show extensive (bilateral) cervical, axillary, paraaortic, mesenteric, and pelvic lymph node involvement (continuous arrows). Note relatively high signal intensity of the bone m... |
4e6d4ced3c65ecb53bf181c0389aeda7d1c319750137ec3d3cb80b84bc3247e8 | Which osseous injury is most clearly demonstrated on this coronal wrist CT image? | [
"images/2c/2c3b6e2d03656bd474972a61d12133a9ca2cc53dac5b2b696ee2564221255d45.jpg"
] | {
"A": "Distal radius fracture",
"B": "Fracture of the hook of hamate",
"C": "Scaphoid waist fracture",
"D": "Lunate dislocation"
} | A | Coronal view of the wrist CT scan shows distal radius fracture with instability and incongruence in the sigmoid notch |
98ab1a0a41f4c3843478bbcbb4ae72dc64521ef1ee282844d275dfcf086eb7e2 | Which gastrointestinal segment is directly involved in the abnormal finding shown in this intraoperative photograph? | [
"images/41/41f85ca45d63dc3db64602c4b8c2e2e06300ace886fce2c702934fb3b64bec6f.jpg"
] | {
"A": "Stomach",
"B": "Terminal ileum",
"C": "Sigmoid colon",
"D": "Jejunum",
"E": "Duodenum"
} | D | Intraoperative photograph depicting plication of the jejunum by a linear foreign body. |
18fd343988d176528aebdb67ad92e9881878a7ea1995f26e336107ecb049a413 | In ultrasound panel f, what do the arrowed echogenic structures within the abnormal lung most likely represent? | [
"images/30/306470b01ecd3987e636cb4fbdfab7cb4d0a1a69280be80e157413f7c134b927.jpg"
] | {
"A": "Pulmonary arterial thrombi",
"B": "Rib fractures",
"C": "Calcified pleural plaques",
"D": "Air bronchograms",
"E": "Pleural adhesions",
"F": "Interlobar fissures"
} | D | (a) Chest radiography shows a lung ill-defined pulmonary opacity on the upper right lung and on the upper-middle left lung. (b,c) A representative axial section from thoracic computed tomography (CT) scan reveals—on the left lung, multiple cystic-like formations communicating with bronchial branches (arrow);—on the rig... |
2a0c0dc82e2719b2f6ab620a01a3f36432ef023713ea1f61a0b4744ed1c31323 | Which finding best describes the abnormality at the yellow arrow in panel A? | [
"images/e6/e6338d75f6c62dc4681c75899f774ddca3016ddf7a39b16fd74be6389b6d5644.jpg"
] | {
"A": "An intimal flap dividing the lumen",
"B": "Complete aortic luminal occlusion",
"C": "A saccular outpouching of the aorta",
"D": "A circumferential periaortic fluid collection",
"E": "Focal aortic wall thickening",
"F": "A free-floating intraluminal mass"
} | E | Aortic 3D wall imaging in an 86-year-old male with cryptogenic stroke. (A) Yellow arrow points to region of atherosclerotic plaque in the proximal DAo. (B-C) Wall thickness was measured in four cross-sectional locations as shown here in two different views. |
604c076a7b101c8e2090e9cb99978cca7b1f18d03115ea62e7e05e446022e99e | In the examples shown, the callosal abnormality, when present, is located in which specific part of the corpus callosum? | [
"images/fa/fa1731a78e8651983ef6225e235536f44357375db70a14b3d3049f98bd2a6dff.jpg"
] | {
"A": "Genu",
"B": "Rostrum",
"C": "Splenium",
"D": "Body"
} | C | Examples of T2- and T1-weighted images of the patients in the axial plane.(a, b) T2-weighted images obtained in the axial plane showed signal changes compatible with the tigroid pattern in the central location in the periventricular area and high signal in the splenium of the corpus callosum. (c) A hypodense signal was... |
fcbce88a52365a4e98c8c847f63dde1144a3ae0efd8147de58102c37e9807196 | The lesion indicated by the arrows is located in which organ? | [
"images/17/174265275165e41290a3a0c0e477d8ccef0de0d995b4c9cdb71e8f9dc234465c.jpg"
] | {
"A": "Pancreas",
"B": "Spleen",
"C": "Right adrenal gland",
"D": "Liver",
"E": "Right kidney"
} | D | Sixty-seven-year-old man with metastatic GIST. Patient 1: Liver metastasis (white arrow) at CT (a,d), 18F-FDG PET/CT (b,e) and ADC map (c,f) before (a-c) and after 12 days of imatinib treatment (d-f). 18F-FDG PET/CT showed a decrease in SUVmax indicating good response, whereas ADC increase indicated only minor response... |
ec826d232c08933a002aaca5eac846cb95e515b6932defa63818dbd8918f5be6 | Which statement best describes ventricular conduction on this ECG? | [
"images/9f/9f4d53864916e37dd60133dd83fccb5b8b73a03a1a51087c28560efe005a984d.jpg"
] | {
"A": "The QRS duration is less than 120 ms",
"B": "The QRS duration exceeds 140 ms with a pre-excitation pattern",
"C": "The QRS duration is 120–140 ms with a left bundle branch block pattern",
"D": "The QRS duration exceeds 140 ms with a ventricular escape rhythm",
"E": "The QRS duration exceeds 140 ms wit... | A | Case—ECG shows sinus tachycardia and ST segment depression in lateral leads |
c3725cc85d11a74154cdaa39917ec6c64dcdac89e8bd87a7434e213597b1668f | On this upper gastrointestinal contrast study, which combination of abnormalities is best demonstrated? | [
"images/c4/c4f2f77532c4aca40db41738c1a39e58dd6b77b15b35b26790df7b5dd029c181.jpg"
] | {
"A": "Diffuse gastric fundal varices with smooth narrowing of the pylorus",
"B": "Narrowing of the gastric body with multiple duodenal pseudodiverticula",
"C": "Sliding hiatal hernia with duodenal bulb deformity",
"D": "Marked esophageal dilatation with corkscrew contractions",
"E": "Focal antral ulcer crat... | B | Involvement of the body of stomach: there is a narrowing of the body of the stomach (arrow). Also, note the involvement of the duodenum with multiple pseudodiverticula (short arrows) |
a89ae101d3c919379095d80fb91b069fb1745834c2219c7c60b8570ed7a43b00 | On the fused axial PET/CT images, the arrow in the upper row most likely identifies which finding? | [
"images/84/840412f7aba048a05b209f85d0f52ae60bfb106dabd3cf90032e051133be6db6.jpg"
] | {
"A": "A hypermetabolic soft-tissue mass in the right forearm",
"B": "An FDG-avid epitrochlear lymph node in the left arm",
"C": "A malignant cortical lesion of the ulna",
"D": "Diffuse muscular inflammation of the forearm compartment"
} | A | A lymph node in a 7-year-old boy with primary right forearm AFH was suspicious on imaging, but benign on pathologic evaluation. (A) His axial PET, CT, and fused PET/CT images show the primary right forearm soft tissue mass (arrow on fused image). (B) The axial T1 gadolinium-enhanced MR image also shows the primary righ... |
fbd16efbc623e405afa6afd3cdfa429f96cb60982c62c442d8143dbce20db076 | In which bone is the lesion primarily centered? | [
"images/f8/f8c0db6036899c0a77cd97fcb1d06d099f51e1fe07d8b07db4744f4851267f0e.jpg"
] | {
"A": "Right iliac wing",
"B": "Right ischium",
"C": "Right superior pubic ramus",
"D": "Left acetabulum",
"E": "Right femoral neck",
"F": "Sacrum"
} | B | Denosumab treatment (120 mg denosumab monthly following the usual saturation period) was started to avoid a morbid surgery of the os ischii. After 9 months, thickening of the cortical bone and solid ossification inside of the lesion could be observed on the radiograph (A) and CT pictures (B and C). |
244b1fa14111d5922be831daff4ba432e1b1b515828b018449150b46571d481f | The ventriculo-arterial relationship shown in this heart is most consistent with which configuration? | [
"images/3f/3fe07ff445816c4a0eca94e07736a266566ae73086d48c4c54ee7608d0f50a3c.jpg"
] | {
"A": "Discordant ventriculo-arterial connections",
"B": "Concordant ventriculo-arterial connections",
"C": "Single arterial trunk",
"D": "Double-outlet right ventricle"
} | B | Posterior deviation of the IS in a heart with concordant ventriculo-arterial connections and interruption of the aortic arch. |
3004e537c7d260bdbf4f0a736592e33e58fd12503873cee8f8c0da8843323dc6 | Which statement best describes the spatial relationship demonstrated in this image? | [
"images/6c/6c923abb94efdeecd09eb4e864658181f85ce6bd6ae44891919060a90c2b6bed.jpg"
] | {
"A": "A right-sided mass is separated from the nasal wall by a clear air gap",
"B": "The lesion arises from the inferior nasal septum without wall contact",
"C": "A left-sided intranasal lesion crosses the septum into the opposite cavity",
"D": "A mass directly contacts the lateral wall of the right nasal cav... | D | Image showing the mass (blue star) that comes into contact with the lateral border of right nasal cavity (yellow star). |
49e305ac27116521e0d4777b5e465572299fc1e2db72fbe6dd213b8a51be6a70 | What structure is marked by the asterisk on the facet-focused MR images? | [
"images/47/47d6c70b89405b3c00fb1ade3430bc8e45ca983e7a8b47f6355c8b041363427e.jpg"
] | {
"A": "Glenoid labrum",
"B": "Subdeltoid bursa",
"C": "First facet of the lesser tuberosity",
"D": "Long head of the biceps tendon",
"E": "Greater tuberosity footprint of the supraspinatus"
} | C | Determining subscapularis tendon tear with magnetic resonance imaging using sagittal oblique view of the facet (SOVfacet) and axial view of the facet. Check the first facet in the axial image (A), and select the SOVfacet (B), which is the image corresponding to the most lateral image of the first facet. Trace the image... |
6fb5fdb2502349dce169d796b6daf1421061e544a91cca874d5a35b153b8edce | In which lead is ST-segment elevation most likely to be identified on this ECG? | [
"images/7d/7d35f27c44ae4ce2e73c5caf3ed8ef8d416ce614eebc1e2c6f06323c88805f81.jpg"
] | {
"A": "V5",
"B": "aVR",
"C": "aVL",
"D": "II"
} | B | Electrocardiographic diagnosis: Diffuse ST segment depression in anterolateral leads from V2 to V6, I, aVL and inferior leads II and aVF with concomitant ST segment elevation in aVR. Conclusion: circumferential (global) subendocardial ischemia |
9470f4cb8eb575954b0e3c63149ac1133f8c9eb09f3770992faefeb82b446b50 | Orbital MRI demonstrates a unilateral abnormality of the optic apparatus. Which finding is most clearly present? | [
"images/88/888c409da747434f32295935d34b9a349b273a670e1c598af0cd98ad3739acc1.jpg"
] | {
"A": "T2 hyperintensity of the left optic nerve",
"B": "Left extraocular muscle enlargement",
"C": "T2 hyperintensity of the right optic nerve",
"D": "Right retinal detachment",
"E": "Bilateral optic nerve atrophy"
} | A | T2‐weighted magnetic resonance imaging using a fat‐suppression technique of axial and coronal sections of orbits reveals T2 hyperintensity of the left optic nerve. |
7f7a553f7186508a7b2afc975e9e2cab58ed86d222458dac48245f46459d1562 | Which visual pattern best matches the abnormality demonstrated on this brain MRI? | [
"images/a0/a0443ca97ab5a7607a2f7d63021fe04bd31042bd62e6c89336a8b9f9acb9dcc2.jpg"
] | {
"A": "Basilar cistern effacement from transtentorial herniation",
"B": "Unilateral frontal mass effect with midline shift",
"C": "Patchy hemorrhagic contusions in the temporal lobes",
"D": "Large extra-axial subdural collection over one hemisphere",
"E": "Acute hydrocephalus with marked ventricular enlargem... | G | Coronal T1 MRI of progressive posterior cortical atrophy. |
9f6b09f305937e026d34c0016b1f4267e321ac7d13a6f418c930a964f3f5c435 | On inspection of the lower leg, which description best matches the dominant cutaneous abnormality shown? | [
"images/e3/e3f73a237b822c28b5f20d426d679441b5e38e86281234a83903f259f5b4e747.jpg"
] | {
"A": "Grouped clear vesicles on an erythematous base without crusting",
"B": "A single sharply demarcated depigmented plaque with overlying scale",
"C": "Diffuse retiform purpura with black necrotic eschars throughout",
"D": "Scattered pustular-exfoliative lesions with areas of confluence and surface crusting... | D |
Scattered pustular exfoliative lesions are seen on the lower extremities, partly fused and partly crusted on the surface. Thicker brown scabs are also seen.
|
decfe28c6124fa6506b5557707603b895f6dc2fd75ad8ad956f14482b09aee9a | Based on the depicted deformity pattern of the hand, which combination of joints appears to be predominantly affected in this chronic arthritic hand? | [
"images/eb/ebe0b8977fa653b6b2876d3fa224dc3733fc9cab674a0ff3c3fc19d4dd899e41.jpg"
] | {
"A": "Elbow and shoulder joints without hand involvement",
"B": "Distal interphalangeal joints with Heberden nodes",
"C": "Temporomandibular joints",
"D": "Distal radioulnar joint only",
"E": "Isolated proximal interphalangeal joints sparing the metacarpophalangeal joints",
"F": "Talonavicular and subtala... | G | © 2021 Dorothy Hodgkin's Hands, 1978. Sarah Mercer. Reproduced by permission of the Henry Moore Foundation |
e6a1865785386cc8685d87a51a4d1bac73e55c96021c2b6d538d18f0274e2bef | Where is the abnormality indicated by the arrow in panel A? | [
"images/a9/a92e7cfc8fb24662610e0ff9cf937226a7889a2c3eb5e986495127260b6c9807.jpg"
] | {
"A": "Right main bronchus",
"B": "Left upper lobe bronchus",
"C": "Esophagus",
"D": "Left main bronchus",
"E": "Right upper lobe bronchus",
"F": "Trachea"
} | F | Imaging data of Patient 1 with bronchial mucoepidermoid carcinoma. (A) The right posterior wall of the trachea displayed irregular soft tissue shadows projecting into the lumen and occupying a large part of the lumen. (B) Preoperative angiography of the vascular closure of the tracheal tumor. (C) Postangiogram of the t... |
04208aec407594a810a6b56efb557f1eb925bc5a8300f1e4fb4d113bc8e96cea | Relative to the bladder on this image, the cervix is displaced primarily in which direction? | [
"images/80/802e1fd468c0764a3e78366674b239d9aae475a06541b4f543c81d212484ca6e.jpg"
] | {
"A": "Anteriorly and inferiorly",
"B": "Posteriorly and superiorly",
"C": "Anteriorly and superiorly",
"D": "Posteriorly and inferiorly"
} | C | Ultrasound imaging at 22 weeks’ gestation within 24 hours postoperation: (A) an extremely elongated cervix displaced anteriorly and susperiorly; (B) marked uterine retroversion; (C) the fetal head was in the pouch of Douglas. |
0fac4aff2752d3a89e4d2f875bac730a4f5fa712969a02384243c8b8497a7b02 | Which additional extension of the lesion is best demonstrated by the MRI appearance? | [
"images/0f/0f7ed5012cc3376a3915877cf9b6618e2e8a7a97d45991d632985f23b78015fe.jpg"
] | {
"A": "Extension through the left T6–T7 intervertebral foramen",
"B": "Subdiaphragmatic extension into the retroperitoneum",
"C": "Spread into the right pleural cavity across the midline",
"D": "Direct invasion of the spinal cord through the central canal"
} | A | (a–h) Imaging assessments for pre-surgical evaluation. (a) X-ray scans. (NOTE: Voluminous opacity in the posterior mediastinum on the left, with a major axis of about 12 cm). (b) Thorax CT scan with Iodixanol. (NOTE: Solid, oval-shaped tumour in the left posterior mediastinum, measuring 8 × 5.5 cm. Anteriorly, the mass... |
3ae70a6fb4e7ad0e73dcb511aab6d6a0221a4de1784ef1cd762b25c8ee254cd4 | On this abdominal radiograph, which abnormal gas pattern is most evident? | [
"images/5d/5deb979b2e1b3d3b2299ca9e23b00836cb72dfb2ee2046e4cbcae494615350ae.jpg"
] | {
"A": "Marked colonic distention with haustral folds consistent with sigmoid volvulus",
"B": "Large solitary gastric bubble indicating acute gastric volvulus",
"C": "Diffuse free intraperitoneal air outlining both sides of bowel wall",
"D": "Gasless abdomen with paucity of bowel gas",
"E": "Generalized adyna... | F | Abdominal radiograph |
360b7744c9a314996b540a93428f5cebd5f2fa440987f456be02ddcc90df6b3f | The injury demonstrated is located on which aspect of the organ? | [
"images/70/70761b56201f889d2462414347c68488fad96df52157d24c75541a66441a13a1.jpg"
] | {
"A": "Anterior surface",
"B": "Diaphragmatic dome only",
"C": "Posterior surface",
"D": "Visceral surface adjacent to the gallbladder fossa",
"E": "Left lateral ligamentous margin",
"F": "Inferior hilar surface",
"G": "Porta hepatis",
"H": "Caudate lobe only"
} | A | Lacerations of the anterior surface of the liver. |
3e5d7c87e14d9546cfc388348f697e2ed2137e1ad3c71b472a9caabc0447c3b8 | Which feature of the lesion in ultrasound panel A makes it more complex than a simple cyst? | [
"images/71/71b4dcbc64678ca2d5046282a8378192733343e3aa17efc07b25e745a1b0e649.jpg"
] | {
"A": "A uniformly echogenic interior",
"B": "A completely solid interior",
"C": "A uniformly thin, smooth wall",
"D": "Dense posterior acoustic shadowing",
"E": "Multiple concentric calcified walls",
"F": "Uneven wall thickness"
} | F | Ultrasound (A) shows an oval cystic mass with an uneven wall thickness (white and black arrows). Magnetic resonance imaging shows a lobulated cystic mass with a cystic wall and septum of uneven thickness. T1-weighted imaging (B) and T2-weighted imaging (C) show slightly high signal intensity (indicated by white arrows ... |
b128984ca08f865673c06d1c50adbb433fc1ac05f2f6381cd72e7dd44e4eb9d6 | Based on the appearance of the device and its stated purpose, what is the most likely reason for placing this metallic stent? | [
"images/ab/abd56f3458edb2a4b1ed4d3b50bebaea63357951f1dd346996569675dcadba99.jpg"
] | {
"A": "Embolization of a splenic artery pseudoaneurysm",
"B": "Drainage of a pancreatic pseudocyst into the stomach",
"C": "Dilation of multiple stenoses involving the main pancreatic duct",
"D": "Relief of malignant gastric outlet obstruction"
} | C | Self-expandable metallic stent placed in parallel with the stent fragment to dilate the multiple main pancreatic duct stenoses. |
3d155de3298f530aecc1040572fa894e0b6f2bb7d00329daf7b8a2ddbb97dea9 | In panels A and B, the arrowheads localize the abnormality primarily to which anatomical site? | [
"images/7e/7e770c990347b6553e428ad93a05fde933e9e1f64d5263ed1da43fde7057efa6.jpg"
] | {
"A": "The anterior thigh musculature, involving the quadriceps compartment",
"B": "The subcutaneous fat overlying the thigh",
"C": "The posterior thigh musculature, involving the hamstring compartment",
"D": "The femoral marrow cavity",
"E": "The major neurovascular bundle of the thigh",
"F": "The knee jo... | A | (A) Axial gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted magnetic resonance imaging revealed diffusely extended abnormal signals in the ventral muscles (from the vastus medialis to the vastus lateralis) of the thigh. (B) Coronal imaging showed abnormal signal enhancement 20 cm in longitudinal length. (C) Positron emission tomography ... |
f7751d1d734de8b788633f6d9963269a6ece5d69a6b2e4d80e9cd84a08100b2b | The dental cast shown most likely represents which arch and edentulous status? | [
"images/77/772cfa3aac3b95e5bc769cd1afc9ebd22d1b4cf5f0a7ce8c73e20aa8ee82cd27.jpg"
] | {
"A": "Completely edentulous maxillary cast",
"B": "Partially dentate mandibular cast",
"C": "Completely edentulous mandibular cast",
"D": "Partially dentate maxillary cast"
} | A | Maxillary master cast |
b2d71a2abb51bbf0974dcc00d3ccb7ed89492cfe5a9f4e89c7b35b5dd2cd4688 | Which underlying bone finding is present at the arrowed site? | [
"images/c8/c899b9678da8d693b420c1a0632410145a87efe82429fd7241b01f8158a1b522.jpg"
] | {
"A": "Expansile lucent lesion with cortical thinning",
"B": "Periosteal new bone without a medullary lesion",
"C": "Dense sclerotic lesion with cortical thickening",
"D": "Diffuse cortical thickening without a focal lesion",
"E": "Trabecular thickening without a focal lesion",
"F": "Well-corticated defect... | A | Plain radiographs of the right femur showing (A) AP and (B) lateral views at first presentation.
There is a comminuted fracture of the right proximal femur at the intertrochanteric region with a centric expansile lesion and a thin lateral cortex, as indicated by the arrows.
AP, anteroposterior |
872f339dcc01c475a4cfca20e097821a71353bad456bcedc5d73e9c1fc211b12 | On the axial CT image (C), which osseous pattern is most evident in the sacrum? | [
"images/de/de4ac5f00734fcb43f39277652cbc5f0f5ecafb20583aa96d4c266ff32a1c235.jpg"
] | {
"A": "Cortical thickening with irregular sclerosis of the trabecular bone",
"B": "An expansile lesion with a uniformly thin outer cortex",
"C": "Multiple discrete sclerotic foci with preserved cortical thickness",
"D": "A sharply marginated lytic cavity with cortical thinning",
"E": "A linear fracture throu... | A | A representive case of a 59-year-old man (Patient 7) with PDB in the sacrum. (A) Plain radiograph showed sclerotic alterations in the sacrum. (B and C) Computed tomography demonstrated a thickened cortex and irregular sclerosis of the cancellous bone. (D) An axial-view bone scan exhibited marked tracer accumulation in ... |
dca701c7ea8631a3b9406aafd5de7fa62a37ad6f1a132ac369760e3891e127bc | What bony finding is indicated by the black arrow in panel b? | [
"images/c2/c2fba4a3c43a8e7beaaac1c264ca5aadb34d6daf27ff82e2ea97daea519a11e4.jpg"
] | {
"A": "Vertebral compression deformity",
"B": "Focal vertebral body erosion",
"C": "Posterior vertebral osteophyte formation",
"D": "Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament",
"E": "Anterior vertebral osteophyte formation",
"F": "Acute anterior vertebral body fracture"
} | E | The representive case who suffered prosthesis subsidence and adjacent disc degeneration postoperatively.
Postoperative 2-day (a), and final follow-up (b) lateral radiographs showing the superior endplate of Discover prosthesis subsiding into the cephalad vertebra and new anterior osteophyte formation in the patient aft... |
4dbfb06e6e206a3638e24fb9b0d096536a6a25f0944f4385bd652d64a22c6b96 | On the post-contrast breast MRI, which side demonstrates the principal abnormality characterized by capsular deformity and surrounding inflammatory edema? | [
"images/17/17a77f3043db9b9ed84003929544cec2df8bbc245a90a37e2a77b85d7ab7300a.jpg"
] | {
"A": "Left breast implant",
"B": "Neither implant; only chest wall soft tissue is involved",
"C": "Bilateral implants equally",
"D": "Right breast implant"
} | A | A 48-year-old woman with reconstructive retropectoral silicone for 6 years. Axial T1 post-contrast image (A) and sagittal T1 post-contrast images at different sites (B,C) show a left capsular contracture associated with edema (yellow arrow). There is contiguity of the fibrous capsule to the pectoral muscle (green arrow... |
3f2cc5550f41dc143d9574d54861ff2133d5ad82e4bcc59880336a8d72ff348b | Which type of ventral hernia is most consistent with the location of the defect demonstrated on this image? | [
"images/5b/5b9ecd5ee205ca7ba14b9349b7eee4b5ca774643a46c5605fd88ed312078f5de.jpg"
] | {
"A": "Inguinal hernia",
"B": "Lumbar hernia",
"C": "Obturator hernia",
"D": "Femoral hernia",
"E": "Linea alba (epigastric) hernia"
} | E | Sagittal section of noninjected CT abdominal scanner demonstrating herniation of liver segment III through the linea alba. |
7ab76c2d2f2baaffe61c635b7e5a981eeb9a7fceb211f7da3633d8ea0c115148 | Which craniofacial configuration is most evident in this clinical photograph? | [
"images/6b/6b60f80186185617da395bd1cff6f0e5e65e428cf3e0f49845f486bd9674a30b.jpg"
] | {
"A": "Flat midface with depressed frontal bones",
"B": "Coarse facies with mandibular prognathism",
"C": "Triangular facies with a broad forehead and tapering lower face",
"D": "Moon facies with diffuse bilateral cheek fullness"
} | C | Clinical image of the patient with triangular facies, prominent forehead, high arched eyebrows, hypertelorism, and pinched nose |
9930fae102ccb9aec692103d27e66ae18a765f167461b9fcb395da34ddeebc92 | Which region shows the smaller absolute increase between the pre-treatment and present-stage airway analyses in the figure? | [
"images/1e/1e649e2de364a4ea21a8dd92905b76dd752cc7a4059d76a19f7008fda7843944.jpg"
] | {
"A": "Only the nasopharyngeal segment, with no change in the lower airway",
"B": "Lower pharyngeal airway only",
"C": "Upper pharyngeal airway only",
"D": "Only the hypopharyngeal segment, with no change in the upper airway",
"E": "Neither; both upper and lower pharyngeal airways increase by the same amount... | E | Airway analysis
(A) Pre-treatment lateral cephalogram. (B) Present stage lateral cephalogram. (C) Pre-treatment airway analysis: Upper pharyngeal airway: 10 mm Lower pharyngeal airway: 4 mm. (D) Present stage airway analysis: Upper pharyngeal airway: 12mm Lower pharyngeal airway: 6 mm. |
bbc844584eeefb102447424ca00a47c466ecb13950988ba040287e04413c6e21 | In this neonatal EEG sequence, the ictal discharge is best localized to which region based on the evolving sharp-wave and spike activity? | [
"images/a1/a188807907fb1d0ad5d36a20dee8809623696737aa276b553e636b79b10b51b6.jpg"
] | {
"A": "Midline parietal region",
"B": "Bilateral frontal regions",
"C": "Right occipital region",
"D": "Left central region"
} | D | Patient 5, 1 day old. Electrographic seizure-only; (A) starts with 1 Hz sharp-waves, (B) evolves to rhythmic 1–1.5 Hz sharp-waves and spikes left central region, (C) ends abruptly followed by postictal suppression over left hemisphere. ECG artifacts right hemisphere. Anteroposterior bipolar montage; longitudinal (Fp1-T... |
ca7caaeeb3c687c6266a32de74b694b36499770e859046f08ee618e1e533b500 | On this axial maximum-intensity-projection cerebral angiographic image, where is the aneurysmal dilation located? | [
"images/fe/fe1bcd200846a6c922a6af8388fd873d780196bc2688f20c2f1b95e8029333d1.jpg"
] | {
"A": "Left middle cerebral artery bifurcation",
"B": "Anterior communicating artery",
"C": "Terminal right internal carotid artery",
"D": "Right vertebral artery",
"E": "Basilar artery tip"
} | C | Axial view of maximum intensity projection of the cerebral CTA, showing bulbous dilation of the terminal right ICA. The apex of the aneurysm shows marginal irregularities, suggestive of a recent rupture |
7a1ec680c8cd7ff00a3a2c7c9b262b581d775c7d2a446dc437012b3486886cc8 | In the lower panel, the asterisk-marked region adjacent to the treated nodule most likely represents which image-guided procedural finding? | [
"images/83/834409849af0ba43850d8b7aea81be1f08da853f7eda6f358eec794bb6317239.jpg"
] | {
"A": "A necrotic center of the thyroid nodule",
"B": "Normal jugular venous lumen",
"C": "Subcutaneous emphysema in the skin tract",
"D": "Intralesional hemorrhage after biopsy",
"E": "Calcified capsule causing acoustic dropout",
"F": "Gas within the carotid artery after thermal injury",
"G": "Anechoic ... | G | Anterolateral hydrodissection and venous ablation techniques.
A. Blood vessels surrounding the nodule are clearly visible in the power Doppler ultrasonography image acquired before radiofrequency ablation. B. After completion of venous ablation, a compact filling of hot air bubbles is observed (arrowheads). A thin need... |
6d4fa9bd272e1b5ccce849c9c78080fcf4a788ccd77d25e2e6ebccd7f1bc0168 | Which upper-limb abnormality is most clearly demonstrated on this radiograph? | [
"images/0d/0df60f547ac3c6569ac36c3a67914cc5983e64c4c281e19734649de57c5ad11c.jpg"
] | {
"A": "Hypoplastic left shoulder girdle with a rudimentary humerus not articulating with the forearm",
"B": "Complete absence of the scapula with normal humeral development",
"C": "Comminuted fracture of the proximal humerus with normal elbow alignment",
"D": "Left glenohumeral joint dislocation with intact hu... | A | Left shoulder is under developed and unstable. The forearm bone is not attached to the rudimentary humerus |
aebb6719f770712be8069ae0dd7aa416d1c19ee2cfe5bbecc2503a13b6a3d753 | On this axial noncontrast head CT, which deep gray matter structure demonstrates a hypodense abnormality on the right side? | [
"images/ab/ab382e7bc51395a46396668df90ae0133e920429e56968cc180e90ae29005be9.jpg"
] | {
"A": "Right temporal lobe cortex",
"B": "Right striatum",
"C": "Right globus pallidus only",
"D": "Right cerebellar hemisphere",
"E": "Right thalamus"
} | B | Computed tomography (CT) brain imaging. The CT image shows hypodensities in the right striatum, bilateral caudate nucleus, left anterior internal capsule, and left occipital lobe, suggesting old hemorrhage and ischemic foci. |
c1bfadd0f0514e475e6cc0711d22e4b8f6604105925f2e5bef081e7192fcd5b2 | Which ocular motility deficit is most directly visible in this image of the right eye? | [
"images/af/af1412ad175c6c8e4672ed2b54e644a7283fd5b4d1280484eeea582b0954dd35.jpg"
] | {
"A": "Limitation of adduction",
"B": "Limitation of intorsion",
"C": "Limitation of abduction",
"D": "Limitation of elevation",
"E": "Limitation of depression"
} | A | A down shoot of the right eye with limitation of adduction and narrowing of the palpebral fissure |
8c8bc28d0878f7e53e2c88c0fc3b0108d3b056fb3d421750ddf41c31b8f9875e | The anatomic site most consistent with the visualized abnormal secretions in this endoscopic image is the: | [
"images/30/301fff87bf0d7eac0da87b80eba5ee1d5208f69cb8c99f1b78330f0612375006.jpg"
] | {
"A": "Left posterior ethmoid sinus",
"B": "Left maxillary antrum",
"C": "Right sphenoid sinus",
"D": "Right frontal recess"
} | A | Endoscopic image showing mucopurulent discharge in the left posterior ethmoid sinus following ethmoidectomy |
dc886ca20b6bf6263486fe6ff0562a85e927ee829f0f695b7517777f3903d32c | On this contrast fluoroscopic image after gastric band placement, where is the adjustable band most abnormally positioned? | [
"images/d8/d8adc54b201be595f0f51b7d8f850b8e74c31b68b5c561676cd7b3a070c30e56.jpg"
] | {
"A": "Encircling the abdominal esophagus above the stomach",
"B": "Within the proximal duodenum",
"C": "Around the gastric fundus just below the gastroesophageal junction",
"D": "Across the distal gastric antrum",
"E": "At the pyloric channel"
} | A | High placement of the band – abdominal esophagus. |
0618c78a0f449a9eca85072e21bded408d686ccca5453269c31f9a3dae690cc0 | In panel B, which site corresponds to the large FDG-avid lesion in the lower-right fusion image? | [
"images/e2/e2de0cd964b7f8421e4f26135bd9ed65de50abef298ae22cc4fdc69e8c14ff3d.jpg"
] | {
"A": "Left renal hilum",
"B": "Splenic hilum",
"C": "Pancreatic tail",
"D": "Liver dome",
"E": "Right adrenal region",
"F": "Left adrenal region"
} | F | Representative PET/CT images of ENKTL patients. (A) Maximum intensity projection (left) and transaxial fusion PET/CT (right) images of a 50-year-old male showing tumor with highest SUVmax in the nasal cavity (MTV = 43, TLG = 318). The patient had a single IS-favoring PET pattern (small adrenal FDG lesion) and was confi... |
59988c6e1ca5791fe2683615a404b26165dea0e6975a0d613f1e2b108082ff3b | In panel a, which structure is indicated by the arrowheads? | [
"images/37/37d85d0b2b13e90d8a0595fbdc032239cf858789291c7b8a592b2e6b510f5cd2.jpg"
] | {
"A": "Mammillary body",
"B": "Pineal gland",
"C": "Oculomotor nerve",
"D": "Pituitary stalk",
"E": "Cavernous sinus",
"F": "Optic chiasm"
} | F | Typical fundoscopic and imaging findings of antibody-mediated optic neuropathies: (a) Optic chiasm enhancement (arrowheads) in AQP4 + NMOSD; (b) bilateral optic disc edema and bilateral longitudinally extensive optic nerve enhancement with optic nerve sheath and periorbital fat involvement (arrowheads) in MOGAD; (c) li... |
00aadd1b253dd05bc28137de13bcd0c3e35cae12d5af7221877339eb02379414 | Based on the sagittal and axial MR sequences, which imaging feature is most evident regarding local extension of the lesion? | [
"images/c6/c6866eb851e5eb607c90b5d7dffe8b49e433fbda2927a31bee5e70e410de6692.jpg"
] | {
"A": "Diffuse edema isolated to the articular cartilage",
"B": "Subcutaneous emphysema tracking along the fascial planes",
"C": "Multifocal skip lesions within the surrounding muscles",
"D": "Predominantly intraosseous origin with extraosseous extension",
"E": "Extension into the joint space with diffuse sy... | H | Magnetic resonance images with IV contrast. A large lobulated complex mass with a heterogeneous signal on sagittal reconstructions (A) shows contrast enhancement (B). T2 sequences demonstrate no bone involvement of the lesion (C) but there is a close relationship to neurovascular structures on axial slices (D). |
2829434660e6801ef495d3a6842b9996166a04e8f521e3561f41fcc06b3b366c | Which radiographic projection is most consistent with this image? | [
"images/fe/fe4bedeaa2d077aee3eac7668b4eeed95b663cc0534b880c4fbdf3a0c7cdb8cd.jpg"
] | {
"A": "Axial CT scout image",
"B": "Oblique lumbar spine radiograph",
"C": "Lateral full-spine radiograph",
"D": "Anteroposterior full-spine radiograph"
} | D | Preoperative anteroposterior radiograph showing severe neuromuscular scoliosis. |
dda8a99fcbb662c9476035b5912ade5b7b17ef1df53ee14b2c031f0f278806ce | On the preoperative cervical CT images, which injury pattern is most clearly demonstrated at the C6 level? | [
"images/7c/7ce357060d8fc6169d611b130e5cc32d3e61ca0ff236b631d49ad3c00524a037.jpg"
] | {
"A": "Bilateral C6 pedicle fractures with central canal burst fragment",
"B": "Left C6 facet fracture-dislocation with associated laminar fracture",
"C": "Odontoid base fracture with atlantoaxial subluxation",
"D": "Isolated C5 spinous process avulsion fracture"
} | B | CT scans and plain X-ray images of Case 1
(a) Cervical CT scans demonstrating displacement of left C6 facet fracture with dislocation, and C6 laminar fracture (left: sagittal image; right: axial image); (b) Plain X-ray images showing posterior spinous process plate fixation after surgery (left: lateral view; right: ant... |
509dcf6e036c01b0668fe24c01e1d71ef6317f268bfc3faf44717a30689338d5 | What postoperative status is most consistent with the circled structure on this ultrasound image? | [
"images/6b/6bfe8e36222345cd503723d19a156b150664ffb6eecb1d071cd622978938ddb4.jpg"
] | {
"A": "Fluid-filled abscess cavity",
"B": "Intact eight-strand tendon repair",
"C": "Complete tendon rupture with retraction",
"D": "Calcific tendinopathy without repair material"
} | B | Ultrasound image depicting an eight‐strand intact repair. |
45c2a10de02eac9796a95fb460a9d78e3262bae8130e85b593ff4f75dc6e6e87 | What root configuration is most clearly seen in the mandibular second molars on this image? | [
"images/05/053c1ac23a334863c554d8fba960b4e9d1bf796c04febc7d3c32c09679db1115.jpg"
] | {
"A": "Three distinct roots",
"B": "Single fused root",
"C": "Four root canals in separate roots",
"D": "Two widely separated roots"
} | B | Mandibular second molars with one root. |
1f66bcb62d13b6173a0537c2431bc27f4b66df3501a83203e0d2d6e1ae541e02 | Among the three axial abdominal contrast-enhanced images, which panel most likely represents the delayed phase based on the enhancement pattern? | [
"images/ad/ade5dbc2fb382e47f74a1db101700c6a83efb2434d2ef043d91206bfc0551b3f.jpg"
] | {
"A": "C",
"B": "F",
"C": "D",
"D": "E"
} | B | Multiplex original clinical data. (A-C) Images not directly used by the FEE-DL model containing (A) coronal plane CT scan, (B) sagittal plane CT scan, and (C) CT scan without pancreas. (D) Arterial, (E) venous, and (F) delayed phase CT scans. |
4694a5744e72f857062e49a9e79128fe455dcae693eb714e8643a2d63d5b9098 | The reconstructed tissue shown in this image is located primarily in which anatomic region? | [
"images/b2/b20a38998421ea172111e30d26120631076cf3c52412ec65e59b47588b28b520.jpg"
] | {
"A": "Hard palate in the midline",
"B": "Buccal mucosa adjacent to the molars",
"C": "Upper lip near the vermilion-cutaneous junction",
"D": "Lower gingivolabial sulcus",
"E": "Floor of mouth beneath the tongue"
} | C | One-year postoperative, the flap on the lip was functionally and aesthetically acceptable. |
b88d9128c939fe26911e3c343c93d61ee78c0de51acb66de14bd8864e21f3182 | In the time-intensity curve analysis panel, how does the lesion ROI behave relative to the surrounding renal parenchyma ROI? | [
"images/81/81eb310af98fafcbd55129b6d0e727e6464411428d27272315668e5a9aaffe8c.jpg"
] | {
"A": "It demonstrates no measurable enhancement, unlike the surrounding parenchyma",
"B": "It reaches peak enhancement earlier, attains a higher peak, and shows a larger area under the curve",
"C": "It reaches peak enhancement later, with a lower peak and smaller area under the curve",
"D": "It has the same p... | B |
A case of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) with active
angiogenesis. A male patient aged 46 years with accidentally detected
solid renal tumor. On B-mode ultrasound, a hypoechoic lesion with a size
of 34 mm and an unclear margin was detected in the middle upper part of
the right kidney (
a
). Multiple linear blood flow sign... |
2d5580075c0ae57a8f30969c451f9727209277411d3982996966374125293a79 | On the sagittal CT image showing local extension of disease, which adjacent organ demonstrates direct invasion by the tumor? | [
"images/af/af65ecd63ee707531dd93ecff10cdb722b157f09b0c0ee4d21f6eaf850df8e9b.jpg"
] | {
"A": "Bladder",
"B": "Rectum",
"C": "Sacrum",
"D": "Prostate"
} | A | Computed tomography image. A: An axial computed tomography (CT) image before radiotherapy. A massive tumor is seen in the perineum, and a part of the tumor is protruding. Both lower extremities are elevated because the patient could not stretch both legs. B: An axial CT image on day 120 from the start of the radiothera... |
dad7bb78f5377a1547ab976f15551eed283a3d6f7b9ab5b1e1409ce642856d7b | Which combination of interval behavior and enhancement pattern is demonstrated by this lesion on follow-up imaging? | [
"images/ad/ad678076e1b3aa92f316deb96d81e2a95b6a0aae65694443e15e9d7c6282af9a.jpg"
] | {
"A": "Interval rupture with perinephric fluid and inflammatory stranding",
"B": "Reduction in size with complete disappearance of internal septa",
"C": "Marked interval enlargement with development of a vividly enhancing mural nodule",
"D": "Conversion from a cystic lesion to a predominantly solid mass",
"E... | G | Stable Bosniak IIF cystic lesion. An elderly male patient presented with an incidentally discovered complex cystic renal lesion. (a) noncontrast US shows somewhat thickened septa with coarse calcifications, (b) CEUS demonstrates equivocal septal enhancement. (c) follow-up at 4 years demonstrates essentially unchanged m... |
07eae9f0ca0ea801f59e949e3dab5584a63442329221a33efbbf846f97acd5e7 | This histologic image most likely represents which category of alopecia based on the visualized follicles? | [
"images/b1/b13f43c278fae9318623289150b8f68f585fd62ca140141e53d6d9d9f0cd3455.jpg"
] | {
"A": "Non-scarring traumatic alopecia from hair pulling",
"B": "Alopecia areata with peribulbar lymphocytic inflammation",
"C": "Scarring alopecia due to lichen planopilaris",
"D": "Androgenetic alopecia with follicular miniaturization"
} | A |
Trichotillomania showing damaged hair shaft and empty hair follicle (10 × ).
|
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